![]() ![]() The alliance was the forming ground of the Triple Alliance, which was one among the two primary alliances in the First World War. They also agreed to be benevolently neutral in case of an attack by another power. The two powers, Austria-Hungary and Germany, promised each other support in case of an attack by Russia. This Congress of Berlin, led to the failure of League of Three Emperors, and fuelled resentment among Balkan nationalists and the Pan-Slavists toward Austria-Hungary and Germany.Īnother of Otto van Bismarck’s efforts, the Dual Alliance was formed to prevent the isolation of Germany and was targeted against Russia. Thus a conference was called by Otto van Bismarck in Berlin, which resulted in reversing Russian gains from the Treaty of San Stefano and Austria Hungary getting Bosnia as compensation. This situation was uncomfortable for Austria-Hungary who had their own motivations in the region. In 1878, Russia had emerged victorious in the Russo-Turkish war and had gained considerable influence in the Balkans through the Treaty of San Stefano. On the other hand, the Three Emperors’ League, without Russia, would form the basis of the Triple Alliance. The failure of the League meant that Russia moved closer to France. It could not be seen as a betrayer of its brothers, who were resentful of the ambitions of Austria-Hungary in the region. Russia was a supporter of the Slavs in the Balkans. This was primarily due to the conflict of interest between Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkan region. It was unable to hold both the times collapsing in 18. The alliance was formed twice, first in 1873 and then secretly in 1881. The second treaty in 1881 allowed Austria to annex Bosnia and Hercegovina and no intervention was promised. Article II dealt with the Balkan territories and all the parties agreed that any new modifications in the territorial status of the signatories would be accomplished only after a common agreement had been established among themselves. In Article I, it was agreed among the contracting parties (Russia, Austria-Hungary and Germany), that in case any one of them found themselves at war with a fourth Major Power, the remaining two would observe a position of benevolent neutrality. Mostly engineered by German chancellor Otto Van Bismarck, the Three Emperors’ League was a diplomatic effort to address the Franco-German conflict, and to resolve the Balkan question among Austria-Hungary and Russia. Signatories: Russia, Prussia and Austria-Hungary In August, the German Empire invaded Belgium violating the treaty which resulted in Britain declaring war on Germany.Īlso Known As: Dreikaiserbund, Three Emperors’ Treaty, Three Caesars’ Alliance, League of Three Emperors In July of 1914, when the First World War broke in Europe, the king of Belgium, invoking the Treaty of London, reminded the European people that Britain, France and Germany were bound to respect and defend the neutrality of Belgium. On Britain’s insistence, Belgium agreed to remain neutral in any future conflict, and by implication was guaranteed to be guarded in the event of an invasion. The treaty marked the creation of an independent Kingdom of Belgium from the United Kingdom of Netherlands, with all the major European powers recognizing the independence of the new nation. Signatories: United Kingdom of Netherlands, Kingdom of Belgium and Concert of Europe (Great Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, Russia)Īlthough not an alliance, the 1839 Treaty of London was relevant with respect to World War I. Here is a detailed analysis of 10 major alliances leading to the First World War.Īlso Known As: Convention of 1839, Treaty of Separation, Quintuple Treaty of 1839, First Treaty of London The assassination of Austrian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June, 1914 ignited a conflict between Austria Hungry and Serbia, which in turn brought the alliances into play causing World War I. This in turn upped the stakes of war and meant that any major dispute would inevitably lead to a large rather than a small conflict. The economic and political power play of the 19th century had led to a complex system of military alliances. In an uncertain and competitive political environment with rising nationalism and social upheaval, alliances had become an important tool both for maintaining or furthering the interest of a nation. What then may be the reason for such alliances being counted among the primary causes that led to a such a catastrophic event as the First World War? Alliances did not, as it may seem, make war inevitable. ![]() Such alliances between political entities or groups, or more recently between nations, have been a regular feature throughout human history and geography. Alliances refer to agreements between two or more entities to reach a common ground that may be of mutual benefit for them. ![]()
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